gdf15  (R&D Systems)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronopharmacological targeting of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase prevents diet-induced obesity in male mice

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.18.719366

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, Daily food intake (g per mouse) measured in HFD-fed mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (VEH) or BAY2402234 (BAY) at ZT0 or ZT12 for 7 consecutive days (n=20/group). b, Distribution of food intake between light and dark phases for the same conditions as in ( a) (n=4 cages/group). c, Representative immunoblots of hepatic FGF21 collected 4 h and 16 h after VEH or BAY injection at ZT0 (top) or ZT12 (bottom). LC, loading control. n=4/group/timepoint. d, Densitometric quantification of FGF21 normalized to LC at 4 h and 16 h after injection; ns, not significant; P < 0.05. e,g, Serum GDF15 measured 4 h and 16 h after VEH or BAY injection at ZT0 ( e ; sampling at ZT4 and ZT16) or ZT12 ( g ; sampling at ZT16 and ZT4), respectively. n=4/group/timepoint. f,h, Daily water intake following injections at ZT0 ( f ) or ZT12 ( h ). n=8/group/timepoint. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical comparisons were performed between VEH and BAY at each matched time point; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05. All experiments were performed in male C57BL/6J mice.

Article Snippet: Serum GDF15 was measured with Mouse/Rat GDF15 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems), following the manufacturer recommendations.

Techniques: Western Blot, Injection, Control, Sampling

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Circulating GDF15 levels increase in individuals with PBH after a mixed meal (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 individuals with PBH, 15 asymptomatic (Asx) individuals, and 10 overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) controls at 0, 30, and 120 min during a mixed-meal test. (B) Plasma glucose measured by yellow springs instruments (YSI). (C) Glucose nadir. (D–G) Plasma insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, and GDF15 measured by ELISA. (H–P) Pearson correlation analyses between GDF15 and plama glucose (H–J), insulin (K–M), and GLP-1 (N–P) at fasting state, 30 min, and 120 min after meal digestion. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are elevated in PBH individuals during hypoglycemia induced by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob patients at time 0, 40, 90, 110, and 120 min during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp. (B) Plasma glucose. (C) Plasma epinephrine. (D) Plasma norepinephrine. (E) Plasma GDF15. (F–H) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (I–K) Pearson correlation between epinephrine and GDF15. For all panels, asterisks denote significant difference between PBH vs. Ow/Ob (blue color), between PBH vs. Asx (green), or between PBH vs. Asx (orange). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing correlations between GDF15 levels and hypoglycemia symptoms (Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale) during the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp An asterisk (∗) indicates a significant correlation between the symptom and GDF15 levels during the hypoglycemic clamp (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05). Data include 15 individuals with PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob, assessed at 0, 40, 90, and 110 min.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are increased with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and exogenous GDF15 inhibits food intake after meal-stimulated hypoglycemia (A) Experimental design for (B and C) ( n = 10 per group). (B and C) (B) Blood glucose and (C) plasma GDF15. (D–F) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (G) Schematic of the insulin-augmented mixed meal tolerance test ( n = 5 per group). (H and I) (H) Blood glucose and (I) body weight after GDF15 or saline treatment. (J) Blood glucose in male mice ( n = 5 per group). (K) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in male mice. (L) Blood glucose in female mice ( n = 5 per group). (M) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in female mice. In all panels, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Data are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 30 and 120 min following the mixed meal, or plasma collected at baseline (fasting) and at 40 and 100 min after initiation of the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp was assayed by human GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, DGD150) following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Saline, Comparison

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Circulating GDF15 levels increase in individuals with PBH after a mixed meal (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 individuals with PBH, 15 asymptomatic (Asx) individuals, and 10 overweight/obese (Ow/Ob) controls at 0, 30, and 120 min during a mixed-meal test. (B) Plasma glucose measured by yellow springs instruments (YSI). (C) Glucose nadir. (D–G) Plasma insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, and GDF15 measured by ELISA. (H–P) Pearson correlation analyses between GDF15 and plama glucose (H–J), insulin (K–M), and GLP-1 (N–P) at fasting state, 30 min, and 120 min after meal digestion. Data are represented as mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are elevated in PBH individuals during hypoglycemia induced by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp (A) Experimental design. Blood samples were collected from 15 PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob patients at time 0, 40, 90, 110, and 120 min during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp. (B) Plasma glucose. (C) Plasma epinephrine. (D) Plasma norepinephrine. (E) Plasma GDF15. (F–H) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (I–K) Pearson correlation between epinephrine and GDF15. For all panels, asterisks denote significant difference between PBH vs. Ow/Ob (blue color), between PBH vs. Asx (green), or between PBH vs. Asx (orange). ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. Data are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing correlations between GDF15 levels and hypoglycemia symptoms (Edinburgh Hypoglycemia Symptom Scale) during the hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp An asterisk (∗) indicates a significant correlation between the symptom and GDF15 levels during the hypoglycemic clamp (Pearson correlation, p < 0.05). Data include 15 individuals with PBH, 15 Asx, and 10 Ow/Ob, assessed at 0, 40, 90, and 110 min.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Plasma GDF15 increases during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in humans with post-bariatric hypoglycemia and after insulin exposure in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102656

Figure Lengend Snippet: GDF15 levels are increased with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and exogenous GDF15 inhibits food intake after meal-stimulated hypoglycemia (A) Experimental design for (B and C) ( n = 10 per group). (B and C) (B) Blood glucose and (C) plasma GDF15. (D–F) Pearson correlation between glucose and GDF15. (G) Schematic of the insulin-augmented mixed meal tolerance test ( n = 5 per group). (H and I) (H) Blood glucose and (I) body weight after GDF15 or saline treatment. (J) Blood glucose in male mice ( n = 5 per group). (K) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in male mice. (L) Blood glucose in female mice ( n = 5 per group). (M) Food intake during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in female mice. In all panels, ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Data are presented as mean ± SD from two independent experiments.

Article Snippet: GDF15 ELISA (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, MGD150) was performed on plasma samples according to manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Saline, Comparison